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Poverty can be broadly defined as a condition where individuals or groups are unable to meet the minimum standards of living including food, shelter, clothing, education, and healthcare. In urban contexts, poverty manifests in unique ways due to high living costs, socio-economic disparities, and spatial inequalities. Urban poverty is multidimensional and includes not only low income but also limited access to basic services, poor housing conditions, social exclusion, and vulnerability to environmental hazards. Urban poverty is not merely the lack of money but a state of social disadvantage and limited opportunities that perpetuate deprivation across generations. The causes of urban poverty are complex and interrelated, often rooted in structural, economic, demographic, and policy-driven factors. One of the primary causes is rapid urbanization without corresponding economic growth or infrastructure development. As cities attract rural migrants in search of better livelihoods, the urban population expands at a pace that outstrips the capacity of governments to provide adequate housing, sanitation, and employment. The informal nature of urban growth often leads to the development of slums and squatter settlements where the poor live in overcrowded, unsanitary conditions. Another major cause is unemployment and underemployment. Urban economies, particularly in developing countries, are often unable to absorb the growing labor force into formal employment. Many urban poor are engaged in informal, low-wage, insecure jobs such as street vending, domestic work, construction labor, or waste picking. These jobs offer little or no social protection, job security, or career mobility, leaving workers vulnerable to economic shocks and exploitation. Income inequality is a structural contributor to urban poverty. Urban areas, especially in rapidly developing cities, often exhibit significant disparities between the rich and the poor. Wealth is concentrated _________ ________ _______ ________ ___ ______ ______ __________ ___ _________ _______ __________.
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