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Performance appraisal is one of the most critical functions of Human Resource Management as it serves as a structured process to evaluate and measure the performance of employees against pre-established standards and objectives. It helps organizations identify strengths, weaknesses, training needs, compensation planning, promotions, and overall career development. Over the years, several methods of performance appraisal have been developed, each with its advantages and limitations. These methods can broadly be classified into traditional and modern approaches, and organizations often use a mix of them depending on their goals, culture, and the nature of work. One of the most common methods is the rating scale method, in which employees are rated against specific traits such as punctuality, dependability, quality of work, and teamwork. The scale may range from excellent to poor, providing a simple numerical or descriptive evaluation. Although this method is easy to administer, it may sometimes lead to subjectivity and biases, as supervisors may interpret standards differently. Another widely used approach is the ranking method, where employees are ranked in order of performance from best to worst. This method is straightforward but may create unhealthy competition and does not provide insights into the actual strengths or weaknesses of individual employees. The critical incident method focuses on recording specific instances of employee behavior that are exceptionally good or poor. This provides concrete examples of performance but requires supervisors to continuously observe and document such incidents, which can be time-consuming. Paired comparison is _________ ________ ___ _________ ____ ________ _____ ___ _______ ________.
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