Describe the variables which affect the cost of a distance learning programme.

 FACTORS AFFECTING 'THE COSTS OF DISTANCE EDUCATION

Educational efforts are commonly measured in terms of public educational expenditure as a percentage of national income (that is, in terms of a national effort indicator). Two sets of factors appear to be relevant in explaining the level of total public educational expenditure and its changes over time.

i) The first set of factors relates to the supply of education and the amount of funds available to the government for financing education. The determinants of educational supply and budgets are quite complex. They include factors, such as, the rate of inflation, the range of competing demands for other public services, the rate of growth of the national economy, the diversity of tax bases for education, the sensitivity of educational revenue to changes in the national income, the impact of foreign trade, and the availability of foreign aid to education.

ii) The second set of factors relate to the demand for education. They include the growth in population and its age distribution, the importance of education for social mobility and national development, the choice and development of technology for economic production, the level of coverage of education to diverse segments of the population, and the direct and indirect impact of national and international development policies.

These two sets of factors are external to education in the sense that they lie outside the control of the educational administrators and policy makers. Studies have established that national income and enrolment ratio are the two major important determinants of public educational expenditure. In all educational systems, public educational expenditure is dominated by personnel costs, especially teacher salaries. The ratio of personnel costs to non-personnel costs is high at all levels of education, and this obviously reflects the labour-intensive ____ __________ _________ _____ ________ ____ __________ ________ ___ __________.
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