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Political decentralisation refers to the transfer of authority, responsibilities, and decision-making powers from the central government to lower levels of government such as states, provinces, districts, municipalities, or village councils. It is a process through which power is dispersed to institutions closer to the people, enabling citizens to directly participate in governance and influence the policies that shape their daily lives. In the context of decentralisation and local governance, political decentralisation represents the institutional framework that gives legitimacy to people’s voices, strengthens democratic practices, and ensures that governance is more responsive, inclusive, and accountable. At its core, political decentralisation is about deepening democracy. Instead of governance being concentrated in the hands of a distant central authority, decision-making authority is shared with local bodies that are closer to citizens. This arrangement creates a sense of empowerment among communities as they become active participants in their governance. It is not only about delegating administrative tasks but about granting real political power, including control over budgets, policy priorities, and development planning. When local councils, municipalities, or panchayats are elected directly by the people, they embody democratic legitimacy and accountability. Thus, political decentralisation becomes a mechanism to translate the principle of “government of the people, by the people, for the people” into practice at the grassroots level. Political decentralisation also implies the establishment of multi-tier governance structures. In most democracies, this takes the form of federalism, regional autonomy, or local self-government institutions. In India, for instance, the 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments institutionalised political decentralisation through the creation of Panchayati Raj Institutions in rural areas and Municipalities in urban areas. These amendments made it mandatory for states to hold regular elections to these local bodies, provide them with certain powers and functions, and reserve seats for women, Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and Other Backward Classes. Such provisions not only devolve _____ ________ _______ ___ _________ ________ _____ _______ ______ ____.
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