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Ozone layer depletion refers to the gradual thinning and reduction of the ozone (O₃) concentration in the stratosphere, particularly over the polar regions. The ozone layer, located approximately 15 to 35 kilometers above the Earth's surface, acts as a protective shield that absorbs the majority of the Sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation, particularly UV-B and UV-C rays. Without this natural protection, life on Earth would be exposed to increased levels of UV radiation, which can have severe consequences for ecosystems, human health, and the overall stability of the biosphere. The primary cause of ozone layer depletion is the emission of anthropogenic chemicals, primarily chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), halons, carbon tetrachloride, and methyl chloroform. These compounds are widely used in refrigeration, air conditioning, aerosol propellants, and industrial solvents. When released into the atmosphere, these chemicals are stable enough to reach the stratosphere, where they are broken down by high-energy ultraviolet radiation. This photodissociation process releases chlorine and bromine atoms, which act as catalysts in the destruction of ozone molecules. Each chlorine atom can destroy thousands of ozone molecules before being deactivated, leading to a substantial reduction in ozone concentration over time. Ozone depletion is particularly pronounced over the polar regions, giving rise to phenomena such ______ ___ _____ ______ _________ __________.
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