Describe the clinical features, diagnostic criteria and management of acute rheumatic fever

Symptoms of rheumatic fever can include:

• Fever
• Painful, tender joints (arthritis), most commonly in the knees, ankles, elbows, and wrists
• Symptoms of congestive heart failure, including chest pain, shortness of breath, fast heartbeat
• Fatigue
• Jerky, uncontrollable body movements (called “chorea”)
• Painless lumps (nodules) under the skin near joints (this is a rare symptom)
• Rash that appears as pink rings with a clear center (this is a rare symptom)

In addition, someone with rheumatic fever can have:

• A new heart murmur
• An enlarged heart
• Fluid around the heart

Rheumatic fever may develop after strep throat or scarlet fever infections that are not treated properly. Bacteria called group A Streptococcus or group A strep cause strep throat and scarlet fever. It usually takes about 1 to 5 weeks after strep throat or scarlet fever for rheumatic fever to develop. Rheumatic fever is thought to be caused by a response of the body’s defense system — the immune system. The immune system responds to the earlier strep throat or scarlet fever infection and causes a generalized inflammatory response.

Rheumatic Fever Is Not Contagious

People cannot catch rheumatic fever from someone else because it is an immune response and not an infection. However, people with strep throat or scarlet fever can spread group A __________ _______ _________ _________ ____ _____.
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