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The chemiosmotic theory, proposed by Peter Mitchell in 1961, explains how ATP is synthesized in plants during photosynthesis and cellular respiration through a proton gradient across a membrane. In plants, this process primarily occurs in the chloroplast thylakoid membranes during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. According to the theory, light energy absorbed by chlorophyll drives the transfer of _______ _____ ______ ________ ________ _______ ______ __________ _______.
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