Describe the characteristics of Public Choice Approach, as identified by its various proponents.

 Characteristics Features of PCA —

• Ii is an anti-bureaucratic approach. It secs bureaucracy as an absolute evil. as it seeks its own selfish interests, at the expense of public interests.
• It is a critique of the bureaucratic model of administration. It assumes that the sel fsceking adiiinist rator (bureaucrat) and t he vote-maxiinising po lit ¡clans, Inst cad of acting in public interest, produce goods and services for their own benefit. As a result, the collective interest of society suffers.
• It encourages institutional pluralism in the provisions of public goods and services.
• Plurality of governments and public agencies is supported on the ground of consumer preferences.
• It applies economic logic to the problems of public services distribution.
• It stands for diverse democratic decision-making centres, decentralisation and popular participation in administration. This is suggested on the ground that it creates opportunity for the promotion of competition among government agencies. and in the process the individual citizen’s choice increases.
• It promotes more competition in the delivery of public services.
• It emphasises privatisation or contracting out to reduce wastage. •
• It encourages dissemination of more information for public benefit about the availability of alternatives to public services oftèred on a competitive basis, and at competitive costs. 

PROPONENTS OF PCA

Gordon Tullock on PCA

Gordon Tuliock’s work is considered to be among the earliest contributions to the Public Choice Approach. His stricture against self-serving nature of bureaucracy and his critique with Buchanan of party competition and its consequences may be said to have laid the basis for a debate on the dangers of the power of bureaucracy and the politicisation of the public policy. For ___ _________ ______ ______ __________.
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