Describe the causes and effects of tropical cyclones.

Tropical cyclones are severe weather phenomena characterized by intense winds and heavy rainfall, typically forming over warm tropical oceans. These storms can cause widespread damage to ecosystems, infrastructure, and human populations. Understanding the causes and effects of tropical cyclones is crucial for minimizing their impact on both the environment and human life.

### Causes of Tropical Cyclones

Tropical cyclones are driven by several meteorological conditions, most notably the temperature of the ocean's surface. When ocean water heats up to around 26.5°C (80°F) or higher, it provides the energy necessary for the formation of these storms. The warm, moist air above the ocean surface rises and creates a low-pressure area, allowing cooler air to rush in and replace it. As this cycle continues, a rotating system of clouds and winds develops, which can eventually strengthen into a tropical cyclone.

The Coriolis effect also plays a critical role in the formation of cyclones. This effect, caused by the Earth’s rotation, causes the storm system to spin. In the Northern Hemisphere, cyclones rotate counterclockwise, while in the Southern Hemisphere, they rotate ______ ____ _____ ______ _______ __________ ________ ________ _______.
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