Describe Kranz anatomy and its significance in C4 pathway.

Kranz anatomy is a specialized leaf structure found in plants that use the C4 photosynthetic pathway. It is named after the German word "Kranz," meaning "wreath," due to the characteristic arrangement of vascular bundles surrounded by two distinct types of photosynthetic cells. This anatomical structure is essential for the efficiency of the C4 pathway, enabling plants to overcome limitations of the C3 pathway, particularly in hot, dry environments.

In Kranz anatomy, the leaf is organized into two distinct layers of cells: the mesophyll cells and the bundle sheath cells. The mesophyll cells are located on the outer side of the leaf, _________ _________ _________ ________ ________ ________ _______ ______ _______ _______.
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