Compare GDH and GS-GOGAT pathway of ammonium assimilation.

Ammonium assimilation in plants involves the conversion of inorganic nitrogen into organic forms, primarily amino acids like glutamine and glutamate. This process is critical for plant growth and development, as nitrogen is an essential macronutrient. Two major biochemical pathways play a key role in this assimilation: the GDH (Glutamate Dehydrogenase) pathway and the GS (Glutamine Synthetase)-GOGAT (Glutamate Synthase) pathway.

GDH (Glutamate Dehydrogenase) Pathway:

The GDH pathway primarily involves the enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase, which catalyzes the reduction of α-ketoglutarate and ammonia to form glutamate. The reaction can be summarized as:

α-ketoglutarate+NH3+NAD(P)H→Glutamate+NAD(P)+\text{α-ketoglutarate} + \text{NH}_3 + \text{NAD(P)H} \rightarrow \text{Glutamate} + \text{NAD(P)}^+

GDH operates primarily in the mitochondria, although it is also found in other cellular compartments such as ________ ____ _____ ________ _______.
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