Describe important features of Kerala model of democratic decentralization planning.

Important features of Kerala model of democratic decentralization planning :

The south Indian state Kerala’s experience has been widely acknowledged for promoting local democracy and decentralized  planning. Though with its own unique local context, Kerala’sachievements in the decentralised planning can be used as a good example to look at the process of micro planning in other states of India. Kerala made its first attempt to decentralise power to local level democratic institutions as early as in 1957, immediately after the re-organisation of the state . In 1961, the state assembly  passed the Kerala Panchayat Act 1961, which paved the way for the formation of local bodies all over the state. The establishment  of districtcouncils in 1987 led the administrative decentralization to the district level. Following the national level  Constitutional Amendments in 1992 , the Kerala legislative assembly passed theKerala Panchayati Raj Act 1994. Two years later,  he government  launched People’s Planning Campaignfor democratic decentralization. The PPC continued until 2001when the  new government , renamed the programme as Kerala Development Programme and the basic institutional structure and functions   the PPC remained in different forms. It has been argued that this has resulted in changing the mode of implementation; the new programme moved from the old ‘campaign model’ to institutionalise the panchayat system. As the PPC had followed the campaign  mode, it had a high erelement of volunteerism and attempts to rejuvenate the system. Whereas, through bureaucratic efforts  during the KDP resulted in institutionalizing the grass roots level planning process rather than in propagating the element of volunteerism _____ ______ __________ ____ _________ _____ ___ ___ ______.
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