Describe any three organizational structures and their advantages and limitations. Illustrate with reference to an organization you are familiar with how restructuring help in the effectiveness of their organization.

Organizational structures are frameworks that define how activities such as coordination, supervision, and allocation of tasks are directed toward achieving organizational goals. Different structures offer unique advantages and limitations based on the nature of the organization, its goals, culture, and industry. Three commonly recognized organizational structures are functional, divisional, and matrix structures.

1. Functional Structure:
   In a functional structure, an organization is divided into departments based on functions such as marketing, finance, human resources, and operations. Each department is responsible for its specific functions, and employees report to functional managers.

   Advantages:
   - Specialization: Employees become experts in their respective functions, leading to increased efficiency and quality of work.
   - Clear career paths: Employees have clear career progression within their functional area, fostering motivation and retention.
   - Centralized decision-making: Decisions are made by functional managers who possess expertise in their respective areas, leading to faster and informed decision-making.

   Limitations:
   - Lack of coordination: Departments may prioritize their own goals over the organization's overall objectives, leading to silos and reduced collaboration.
   - Slow response to change: Functional structures may struggle to adapt quickly to __________ ___ _______ ____ ______ ______ ______ ___ _________ _________ ____ ___.
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