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The concentric zone model, also known as the Burgess model, was developed by sociologist Ernest W. Burgess in 1925 to explain urban land use and the spatial organization of cities, particularly in the context of American cities during the early 20th century. It is one of the earliest theoretical models in urban sociology and represents the city as a series of concentric rings emanating outward from a central business district (CBD). Each zone in the model is associated with distinct social and economic functions and groups. The model was influential in shaping the Chicago School’s approach to urban sociology and was based largely on observations of urban growth in the city of Chicago. According to the concentric zone model, urban land use develops in a series of five concentric rings: Zone I: Central Business District (CBD) At the center of the model is the CBD, which functions as the economic and commercial core of the city. It includes financial institutions, government buildings, retail outlets, and office spaces. The CBD is highly accessible and densely built-up, with a high land value due to intense competition for space. This zone typically lacks residential areas, although some temporary accommodations may exist for the homeless or transient populations. Zone II: Zone of Transition Surrounding the CBD is the zone of transition. This area is characterized by deteriorating housing, mixed land use, and a high turnover of population. It often contains factories, warehouses, and low-income residential buildings. This zone is usually inhabited by recent immigrants, marginalized communities, and the urban poor. The transitional nature of this zone reflects processes of invasion and succession, ______ __________ __________ ___ _______ _______ ________ ____ _________ ____ _____.
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