Define thermodynamic potentials. Derive Maxwell’s relations from thermodynamic potentials.
Thermodynamic potentials are a set of functions in thermodynamics that are used to describe the state of a system. They are derived from the internal energy and can be used to simplify the calculation of thermodynamic properties under different conditions. The four primary thermodynamic potentials are:
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Obtain an expression for work done in expanding a gas from volume Vi to Vf in an Isobaric process.
With the help of entropy – temperature diagram of Carnot cycle, obtain an expression of efficiency of a Carnot engine. A Carnot engine has an efficiency of 50%. It operates between reservoirs of constant temperature with temperature difference of 80 K. Calculate the temperature of the low-temperature reservoir in Celsius.
आदर्श गैस के लिए सिद्ध करें किA
और
जहां समतापी संपीड्यता और
आयतन-प्रसार का समदाबी गुणांक है।
Derive Planck’s law of radiation and hence obtain Rayleigh-Jeans law and Wien’s law.
मेयर सूत्र Cp-Cv=R व्युत्पन्न कीजिए जहां Cp अचर दाब मोलीय ऊष्माधारिता तथा Cv अचर आयतन मोलीय ऊष्माधारिता है।
When two phases of a substance coexist in equilibrium at constant temperature and pressure, their specific Gibb’s free energies are equal. Using this fact, obtain Clausius-Clapeyron equation.
Consider a classical ideal gas consisting of N particles. The energy of a particle is given by
=cp where c is a constant and p is the magnitude of the momentum. Calculate (i) the partition function of the system, (ii) internal energy, and (iii) CV .