Define the terms associated with thermal processing: D value, Z value, F Value and 12 D concept.

Thermal processing is a method of preserving food by heating it to a specific temperature for a certain amount of time. There are several terms associated with thermal processing that are important to understand:

• D value: The D value is a measure of the heat resistance of microorganisms. It is defined as the time (in minutes) required to reduce the number of microorganisms by 90% at a specific temperature. A lower D value indicates that the microorganism is more heat-sensitive, while a higher D value indicates that it is more heat-resistant.

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