Define the term quorum and explain what constitutes a quorum. What steps should a chairman take if quorum is absent or not maintained throughout the meeting?

A quorum is the minimum number of members required to be present at a meeting to make the proceedings legally valid. It ensures that decisions made during the meeting represent a reasonable proportion of the organization or committee. The requirement for a quorum is usually specified in the governing documents, such as company bylaws, constitutions, or statutory regulations.

### What Constitutes a Quorum?  
The composition of a quorum depends on the type of organization and its rules. The key factors that determine a quorum include:  

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