Define the concept of caste and discuss the colonial perspective on caste with suitable examples.

Caste is a form of social stratification characterised by endogamy, hereditary transmission of a style of life which often includes an occupation, ritual status in a hierarchy, and customary social interaction and exclusion based on cultural notions of purity and pollution. Its paradigmatic ethnographic example is the division of India's Hindu society into rigid social groups, with roots in India's ancient history and persisting to the present time. However, the economic significance of the caste system in India has been declining as a result of urbanisation and affirmative action programs. A subject of much scholarship by sociologists and anthropologists, the Hindu caste system is sometimes used as an analogical basis for the study of caste-like social divisions existing outside Hinduism and India. The term "caste" is also applied to morphological groupings in eusocial insects such as ants, bees, and termites.

Compared to thc ancient past, we know a lot more about caste in our recent history. If modern histoly is taken to begin with the 19th century, then Indian Independence in 1947 offers a natural dividing line between the colonial period (roughly 150 years from ISOO to 1947) and the post-Independence or post-colonial period (the six decades from 1947 to the prcscnt day). 'l'he present form of caste as a social institution has been shaped very strongly by both _____ ______ ________ _____ __________ _________ _________ _____ __________.
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