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Social welfare administration refers to the process of applying professional methods, principles, and techniques of administration to social welfare programmes and activities for the purpose of achieving social development and meeting human needs. It is a specialized branch of public administration that deals with the organization and management of social services provided by the government, voluntary agencies, and community organizations. It involves planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating, budgeting, supervising, and evaluating welfare programmes aimed at promoting the well-being of individuals, groups, and communities. Social welfare administration also ensures that social policies and welfare measures are implemented effectively and equitably so as to contribute to the reduction of poverty, inequality, and social injustice. The historical development of social welfare administration in India has evolved through various phases, reflecting the social, political, and economic transformations of the country. In the ancient period, social welfare was embedded in religious, cultural, and community practices. In the Vedic age, social duties were guided by principles of *dharma*, charity (*daan*), and service to the needy. Temples, religious institutions, and community gatherings played a central role in providing food, shelter, and support to the poor, widows, and orphans. The concept of *varna* and *ashrama* system also prescribed social responsibilities towards vulnerable groups, though these were shaped by the hierarchical social order of the time. Kings and rulers supported public works such as building rest houses, wells, roads, and hospitals, which can be seen as early forms of organized welfare. During the medieval period, social welfare took the form of religious philanthropy and patronage. The Mughal era saw the establishment of charitable trusts (*waqfs*) for education, healthcare, and relief to the poor. Institutions like *sarais* (rest houses) for travelers, madrasas for education, and _____ ___ ___ _______ _________ _________ __________ ________ _______ _____ ______ ______.
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