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Social welfare administration refers to the process of applying professional methods, principles, and techniques of administration to social welfare programmes and activities for the purpose of achieving social development and meeting human needs. It is a specialized branch of public administration that deals with the organization and management of social services provided by the government, voluntary agencies, and community organizations. It involves planning, organizing, staffing, directing, coordinating, budgeting, supervising, and evaluating welfare programmes aimed at promoting the well-being of individuals, groups, and communities. Social welfare administration also ensures that social policies and welfare measures are implemented effectively and equitably so as to contribute to the reduction of poverty, inequality, and social injustice. The historical development of social welfare administration in India has evolved through various phases, reflecting the social, political, and economic transformations of the country. In the ancient period, social welfare was embedded in religious, cultural, and community practices. In the Vedic age, social duties were guided by principles of *dharma*, charity (*daan*), and service to the needy. Temples, religious institutions, and community gatherings played a central role in providing food, shelter, and support to the poor, widows, and ______ _____ _______ ________ ____ ______ ___ _______ _____ _______ __________ __________.
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