Define Palaeoanthropology, its aims and scope.

Paleoanthropology or paleo-anthropology is a branch of paleontology with a human focus, which seeks to understand the early development of anatomically modern humans, a process known as hominization, through the reconstruction of evolutionary kinship lines within the family Hominidae, working from biological evidence (such as petrified skeletal remains, bone fragments, footprints) and cultural evidence (such as stone tools, artifacts, and settlement localities).

The field draws from and combines primatology, paleontology, biological anthropology, and cultural anthropology. As technologies and methods advance, genetics plays an ever-increasing role, in particular to examine and compare DNA structure as a vital tool of research of the evolutionary kinship lines of related species and genera.

Physical Anthropology studies human as an organism in time and space. Time refers to different stages of human evolution; space refers to variation among the human beings living in different parts of the globe. As we all know, nothing is static in this dynamic universe. The earth itself is rotating while revolving on its orbit. All the things, living and non living things are changing in different manners, cyclical and non-cyclical, and at different rates, some very slow and imperceptible, and some at faster rates. Evolution, which is defined as gradual transformation of one form or structure to another, is a natural phenomenon and is a never ending process. Humankind did not appear on this earth in the present form all of a sudden. It is a product of gradual transformation through generations that have passed through different stages of geological time period. Physical Anthropology probes into different stages of human evolution and unveils how mankind achieved the present form. It also studies the ongoing microevolutionary changes in human populations. Secondly, there is a great deal of variation among human populations or groups living at present in different habitats of the globe. Some are tall and dark in skin color with curly hair while some are short, fair skin and black hair. Just pick up only the eye, one will find a number of variations in terms of color of iris, eye opening, size, eyelids, etc. It is a huge ___ _________ _________ _____ _________ ______.
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