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Epidemiology: Definition, Uses and Approaches Epidemiology is the basic science of public health that deals with the study of the distribution and determinants of health-related states or events in specified populations and the application of this knowledge to control health problems. The term is derived from three Greek words: *epi* meaning “upon,” *demos* meaning “people,” and *logos* meaning “study.” Thus, epidemiology literally refers to the study of what happens to people in relation to health and disease. It is concerned not only with diseases but also with injuries, disabilities, nutritional conditions, environmental exposures, health behaviours, and other factors affecting the health of populations. Epidemiology differs from clinical medicine because its primary unit of concern is the population rather than the individual patient. Clinical medicine focuses mainly on diagnosis, treatment and care of individuals, whereas epidemiology investigates patterns of disease in groups and seeks to understand why particular health conditions occur more frequently in some populations than others. It therefore provides a scientific basis for disease prevention, health promotion and the planning and evaluation of health services. One of the most important uses of epidemiology is to describe the distribution and magnitude of health problems in a population. Epidemiologists measure the ____ ________ __________ _________ _______ ______ ___ _________ ___ _________.
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