Define Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). Expalin the classification of EIA.

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a systematic process used to evaluate the potential environmental consequences of a proposed development project before it is carried out. It aims to assess the likely impact on the environment, both positive and negative, and to propose measures to mitigate any harmful effects. EIA is a tool for decision-making, which helps ensure that environmental factors are considered in the planning and implementation of projects, whether industrial, infrastructural, or developmental. The ultimate goal of EIA is to protect the environment by preventing or minimizing adverse impacts through early planning and proper management.

The process of EIA typically involves several stages, starting with screening, followed by scoping, impact analysis, mitigation measures, reporting, and monitoring. The process includes collecting baseline data, assessing the potential impact of a project on air, water, soil, biodiversity, and human health, and suggesting ways to mitigate negative consequences. EIA not only assesses the potential impact on the environment but also incorporates socio-economic, cultural, and health factors into ___ _________ ___ _________ ___ ________.
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