Critically examine the changing patterns of stratification as presented by Andre Beteille in his work Caste, Class and Power: Changing Patterns of Stratification in a Tanjore Village

In his book Caste, Class and Power (1965), Beteille wrote: “there was much greater consistency between the class system and the caste system in traditional society and even sixty years ago”.

More recently, land had begun passing out of Brahmin hands, while their tenants now had much stronger rights – they could no longer be evicted so easily. Brahmins’ pre-eminent position continued to operate in the ritual sphere, but here too challenge was not unknown. For instance, the day India became a republic on 26 January 1950, a group of non-Brahmins and Adi-Dravidas (the erstwhile untouchables) marched through the agraharam till the gates of its main temple – an act that “was not only ritually polluting, but (which) brought social humiliation of the Brahmins”.

The most decisive shift was in the realm of political power. Till 1946 a Brahmin ran the village panchayat. But with adult suffrage numbers had become more important than ritual status. Now, many physically powerful non-Brahmin castes such as the Kallars had come to dominate village politics. Thus, power has shifted much more decisively from the traditional elite of the village into the hands of the new popular leaders.

Beteille worked for his thesis with M.N. Srinivas but there was a significant departure in his theoretical orientation. Srinivas made a difference to the way social anthropology was researched in India through his emphasis on in-depth fieldwork. Beteille acknowledged the importance of fieldwork but was conceptually in another league – that of Weberian sociology.

Functionalism was the order of the day. Orientalism and English empiricism were also in fashion. Hermeneutics structuralism and interpretative sociology and phenomenology were not in vogue. But Beteille was open to _____ ____ _____ ________ _________ _______ __________ _____.
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