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The judiciary in India holds a pivotal position in the democratic framework, serving as the guardian of the Constitution and protector of the fundamental rights of citizens. Its role is anchored in the principle of separation of powers, which ensures that the legislative, executive, and judicial branches function independently while maintaining checks and balances over each other. The Indian Constitution empowers the judiciary, particularly the Supreme Court and High Courts, to interpret laws, adjudicate disputes, and ensure that neither the legislature nor the executive transgresses constitutional limits. This role of the judiciary as the protector of the Constitution is widely recognized in the context of India’s dynamic socio-political environment, where changes in governance, policy, and legislation often pose challenges to constitutional sanctity. The doctrine of judicial review is the cornerstone of the judiciary’s power to safeguard the Constitution. Enshrined in Articles 13, 32, 131-136, and 226, judicial review allows the courts to examine the constitutionality of legislative enactments and executive actions. Article 13 explicitly declares that any law inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights shall be void, empowering the judiciary to strike down unconstitutional laws. Landmark cases like *Kesavananda Bharati v. State of Kerala* (1973) established the “basic structure doctrine,” which asserts that while Parliament can amend the Constitution, it cannot alter its essential features. This doctrine underscores the judiciary’s critical role in maintaining the integrity and supremacy of the Constitution against potential overreach by the legislative and executive branches. In addition to reviewing legislative actions, the judiciary plays a proactive role in protecting fundamental rights, thereby reinforcing constitutional morality. Article 32 provides citizens with the right to move the Supreme ______ _________ __________ __________ _________ ___ ___ _________ _____ __________.
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