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The conservation of the environment has emerged as an essential global concern, particularly in the context of developing countries like India. India's environmental trajectory is intricately tied to its historical, cultural, and ecological legacy. In the past, Indian civilization was deeply rooted in sustainable practices, with forests, rivers, and wildlife being worshipped and protected as sacred. However, the post-colonial developmental agenda, rapid industrialization, population explosion, and urban expansion have placed enormous stress on India’s natural ecosystems. Hence, conservation is not only necessary but urgent. Historically, the Indian subcontinent had a rich tradition of environmental harmony. Ancient scriptures such as the *Rigveda* and *Atharvaveda* mentioned the sanctity of natural elements. Trees like the Peepal and rivers like the Ganga were revered. Sacred groves (known as *devaranya*) and water conservation systems like *baolis*, tanks, and stepwells were common features of the Indian ecological landscape. These traditional ecological knowledge systems contributed to a balanced and localized environmental governance structure, emphasizing conservation over exploitation. However, the advent of British colonial rule altered this symbiotic _____ __________ ______ ______ _____ __________ __________ _____ _________ _____ ____.
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