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The National Policy on Education (1986) and the National Education Policy (2020) represent two major milestones in India’s educational reforms, separated by more than three decades. Both policies were framed in response to the prevailing socio-economic and cultural needs of their times, with the 1986 policy focusing on access and equality, while the 2020 policy emphasized holistic development, flexibility, and preparing learners for a globalized and technology-driven era. Comparing their recommendations for school education highlights the shift in priorities and dimensions of educational management in India. The NPE 1986, revised in 1992, emphasized the universalization of elementary education with a strong focus on eradicating illiteracy and ensuring access for marginalized groups such as women, Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and rural populations. It ____ _____ _______ ___ ___ _______ ______.
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