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The Dominant Paradigm of development refers to the traditional approach to development, which is often associated with economic growth, modernity, and a top-down methodology. This paradigm operates on the premise that development can be achieved through external interventions, primarily driven by state institutions, technocrats, or international organizations. The state or a development agency typically assumes the role of the primary actor in this framework, with the recipients of development being passive recipients of state-led initiatives. The dominant paradigm is often criticized for neglecting the voices and needs of the local communities, focusing primarily on structural changes, economic metrics, and expert-driven solutions. In contrast, the Participatory Paradigm of development is grounded in the belief that development should be a bottom-up process, involving active participation from local communities in the decision-making and implementation of projects. This paradigm emphasizes empowerment, social justice, and the recognition of local knowledge, culture, and practices. Rather than viewing communities as passive recipients of development, the participatory paradigm aims to make them active stakeholders in the development process. This model promotes an inclusive and ___ ____ _______ __________ _______ ___ _______ __________ _________ _______ _____ _________.
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