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Mulberry, being the primary host for silkworm rearing, is highly susceptible to a variety of pests that can significantly affect both leaf yield and quality. The major pests of mulberry are generally classified into chewing pests, sucking pests, and borers, based on their feeding habits and damage pattern. Chewing pests feed directly on mulberry leaves, causing defoliation and reducing photosynthetic efficiency. Among these, the most important is the *leaf roller* (*Diaphania pulverulentalis*), which rolls the leaves and feeds within, rendering them unfit for silkworm consumption. Another notable chewing pest is the *semi-looper caterpillar* (*Peristrophe bicolor*), which strips the leaves partially or completely, leading to decreased leaf area and stunted _______ ____ _________ __________ ____ __________ _____.
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