Briefly explain the digestion absorption and transportation of protein and fat in human body.

Among carbohydrates, only the monosaccharide forms are absorbed. Hence, all carbohydrates must be digested to glucose, galactose, and fructose for absorption to proceed.

Enzymes Involved

• a-Amylases (salivary and pancreatic) hydrolyze 1,4-glycosidic bonds in starch, yielding maltose, maltotriose, and α-limit dextrins.
• Maltase, a-dextrinase, and sucrase in the intestinal brush border then hydrolyze the oligosaccharides to glucose.
• Lactase, trehalase, and sucrase degrade their respective disaccharides lactose, trehalose, and sucrose to monosaccharides.
• Lactase degrades lactose to glucose and galactose.
• Trehalase degrades trehalose to glucose.
• Sucrase degrades sucrose to glucose and fructose.

Absorption of carbohydrates

1. Glucose and Galactose

• They are transported from the intestinal lumen into the cells by a Na+-dependent co-transport (SGLT 1) in the luminal membrane.
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