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Neoliberalism refers to a set of economic and political policies that emphasize free markets, deregulation, privatization, and reduced government intervention in the economy. Emerging strongly in the 1980s with leaders like Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher, neoliberal reforms were globally institutionalized through international financial institutions such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank. In the context of development, neoliberalism often takes the form of structural adjustment programs (SAPs), trade liberalization, cuts in public spending, and an increased role for the private sector. While these policies are presented as strategies for economic efficiency and growth, their gendered impacts have raised critical concerns among feminists and scholars of development. One of the central critiques of neoliberalism from a gender and development perspective is that it disproportionately harms women, particularly those from marginalized communities in the Global South. Women, especially poor and rural women, are often pushed into informal labor markets or burdened with increased unpaid care work as a result of state withdrawal from public services. Neoliberal policies, therefore, not only intensify existing gender inequalities but also reshape social and economic roles in ways that undervalue women's contributions to society and the economy. 1. Privatization and Women's Access to Resources Privatization of public services such as health, ________ __________ ____ _________ __________ _______.
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