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Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) refers to the discipline that focuses on the prevention of work-related injuries, diseases, and deaths by ensuring safe working conditions, promoting workers’ physical and mental well-being, and enhancing the quality of work life. It encompasses laws, standards, procedures, and programs that aim to protect employees from hazards associated with the workplace. OSH includes the identification, evaluation, and control of risks that arise from physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic, and psychosocial hazards in work environments. From a gender and development perspective, OSH must be inclusive, equitable, and responsive to the differentiated risks that women and men face in the workforce. The need for establishing good Occupational Safety and Health practices becomes crucial for multiple reasons. Firstly, ensuring OSH is essential to uphold workers’ rights and dignity. The workplace should be a safe space where individuals, irrespective of their gender, feel protected from harm. In many parts of the world, women, particularly those engaged in informal or low-paid work, face disproportionate exposure to workplace risks and limited access to safety mechanisms. For instance, in garment factories or agriculture, women often work with hazardous chemicals or in ergonomically unfriendly environments without appropriate protective equipment. Gender-sensitive OSH policies can help recognize and address such gendered vulnerabilities. Secondly, OSH is vital to protect the health and well-being of the workforce. Poor working conditions can result in acute injuries, long-term disabilities, or occupational diseases. For example, exposure to dust in construction, noise in manufacturing units, or stress in care work can have long-term implications on workers' physical and mental health. Gendered analysis of OSH also reveals that men are often employed in high-risk industries such as mining or construction, which require specialized safety strategies, whereas women’s occupational health risks in sectors ______ ____ ________ ___ __________ _____.
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