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The emergence of biotechnology patents has significantly transformed traditional patenting norms by challenging foundational principles such as novelty, inventiveness, and industrial applicability. Biotechnology, dealing with living organisms, genetic material, and biological processes, occupies a unique position in patent law, as it blurs the boundary between discovery and invention. This has led to debates on whether biotechnology patents have diluted the rigor and intent of patenting standards or whether they have simply necessitated their evolution. One of the key areas where biotechnology patents have altered patenting norms is the concept of novelty. Traditionally, patents are granted only to inventions that are new and have not been disclosed before. However, in biotechnology, naturally occurring substances such as genes, proteins, or microorganisms are often isolated and purified from their natural environment. Courts and patent offices, particularly in earlier cases, have granted patents on such isolated materials on the ground that the isolated form does not exist in nature in that specific state. This interpretation has arguably diluted the strict understanding of novelty, as the underlying substance itself is not new, only its isolated form is. Similarly, the requirement of inventive step or non-obviousness has been affected. Biotechnology research often builds incrementally on existing scientific knowledge, and many innovations involve routine techniques such as gene sequencing, cloning, or recombinant DNA technology. Critics argue that granting patents for such developments lowers the threshold of inventiveness, as these techniques may be considered obvious to a person skilled in the art. On the other hand, proponents claim ______ ______ _________ _______ _________ _________ ________ ___ __________ ___.
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