Biotechnology patents have diluted the patenting norms. Comment.

Three criteria for biotechnological patenting are-

Novelty

The rationale behind the requirement of novelty of patentable inventions is to avoid a patent monopoly over something that is already in the public domain; so as to protect the right of the public to practice something that is already known. The difficulty faced in dealing with biotechnology patents is, however, due to varying definitions of state of the art or prior art in different countries. For example the United Kingdom considers all matter which has at any time before the priority date of an invention been made available to public (whether in the UK or elsewhere) by written or oral description, or by use or in any way to be the state of the art.

Hence, the traditional medicines practiced in any community would be considered as state of the art under this world-wide novelty criterion.

Inventive Step

The invention should involve inventive step; it is not supposed to be obvious. But the key issue in modern technology is what is obvious and to whom? The test of nonobviousness is always with reference to a person skilled in the art. This is a legal fiction according to which the person skilled in the art _______ _________ ___ __________ _________ ___.
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