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Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) laws are essential legal frameworks that aim to safeguard the physical and psychological well-being of workers across all sectors. These laws provide regulations, standards, and mechanisms to prevent workplace injuries, illnesses, and fatalities. Gender issues intersect significantly with OHS, especially in terms of risk exposure, access to protective measures, and reporting mechanisms. Women and gender-diverse individuals often face unique health and safety risks due to the nature of their work, social roles, and biological differences, and these need to be addressed in any comprehensive OHS framework. Occupational Health and Safety laws typically cover aspects such as safe working conditions, use of protective equipment, regular risk assessments, training and awareness programs, mechanisms for grievance redressal, and compensation for workplace-related injuries or illnesses. In many countries, these laws are governed by national labour ministries and are supported by international frameworks such as the International Labour Organization (ILO) conventions. The ILO Convention No. 155 and Recommendation No. 164 provide broad guidelines to member countries for developing their OHS laws. These conventions emphasize the importance of a gender-sensitive approach to occupational safety. Gender-specific occupational hazards often go unrecognized in mainstream OHS policies. Women, for example, are overrepresented in informal and low-paid sectors such as domestic work, garment manufacturing, and agriculture, which often fall outside the purview of formal regulatory mechanisms. These sectors lack adequate enforcement of safety norms, leading to increased risks of injuries, exposure to toxic substances, and ergonomic hazards. Women in healthcare, another female-dominated sector, are at high risk of infectious diseases, physical assault, and mental stress. OHS laws that fail to account for such gendered distributions of labour do not adequately protect all workers. Biological differences also necessitate gender-sensitive safety measures. For example, women may be more susceptible to certain ___ _______ ______ __________ _____ _____ _______ ____ _________ _____ __________.
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