Analyse the reasons for the decline of the Tokugawa system

Following are the reasons for the decline of the Tokugawa system –

1) Feudalism

The uestion of feudalism is also one which needs to be carefully understood. The Tokugawa political and social structure was not feudal in the classical sense but represented the emergence of a political system which was closer to the absolutist monarchies of Europe in the seventeenth century. The relationship between the Shogun and the feudal lords or Daimyo was fundamentally unequal and in all important matters the Shogun's authority was paramount. Thus, the Daimyo had to spend a certain period every two years in the capital Edo and during the period of their absence leave their families as hostages. During crisis. such as large-scale peasant rebellions the Shogun intervened directly, in spite of the-theory of han (feudal fief) autonomy. The Tokugawa had also, through seizure or when a Daimyo died heirless, reallocated Daimyo so that they were in no position to challenge the overriding authority of the Shogun. The Baku-han system functioned with many checks and balances to prevent the unity of any opposition group being realized and the paramount authority lay with the Tokugawa Shoguns in Edo. The character of the ruling samurai elite had also undergone considerable change. The policy of separating the samurai from the land begun by Hideyoshi had insulted in their concentration in castle towns. The income of the samurai was derived in part from land and in part from a stipend which he received for a job. The samurai class was divided by status distinctions which restricted the nature of their jobs and many were unemployed. Thus the employed samurai gradually evolved into a bureaucracy where merit and performance became integral criteria. for judging them. Later burcaucratic legacy was in no small way responsible for the way in which the Meiji Government achieved its objectives of developing modern institutions and implementing new policies.

2) Economic Changes

The decline of the Tokugawa order has its roots in a contradiction which lay in the structure itself when it was built in the seventeenth century. The contradiction was between the ideal which visualized a hierarchic status divided society based on a simple agrarian economy and the reality of a more complex commercial economy along with a social order ASSIGNMENT SOLUTION GUIDE (2020-21) which again was much more complex. The changes brought about by a long period of peaceful development generated such social and intellectual forces which questioned and undermined the basis of Tokugawa rule. The Bakufu's attempts to reform the system by returning to the basis of its simple ideas were increasingly ineffective. The Kansai reforms of 1790 carried out by a Tokugawa official Matsudaira Sadanobu were the last major effort by the Tokugawa to strengthen their #shaky rule and reassert their authority. Their failure marks the beginning of decline which was precipitated by the coming of Western powers seeking to open Japan. The domestic troubles were aggravated by foreign pressure and resulted in the collapse of the Tokugawa and the emergence of the Meiji Government. The Tokugawa economy though even at the beginning of the nineteenth century largely agrarian, had by now been transformed. In 1800 the population was somewhere between 30 and 33 million and it was growing slowly. Eighty-five per cent of this population lived in the villages but the cities of Edo, Osaka and Kyoto had over 2 million people where as the castle towns had populations ranging of from 10,000 to 100,000. Thus, Japan was far from just a simple agrarian society. Urbanization had give an incentive to trade and commerce. There also develooed certain institutions for carrying out these activities. Osaka, which was the commercial capital of Tokugawa Japan; along with the _________ _______ _____ ___ _____ ___ ______ ______.
_______ _________ ______ _____ _______.
_________ _________ ______ _________ ______ _______ ____ _________ ______ __________ _____ ____.
________ ______ ________ _____ ____ __________ _________.
_________ ___ ____ ________ _________ ___ _________ ______.
__________ _______ ____ _____ _____ _______ ____.
__________ ___ __________ ______ ______ ________ _____ ____ _____ ____ ________.
_________ ___ _______ _____ ____.
______ _____ ____ _________ ________ ________ ______ _______ ___ __________ ____.
___ ____ _____ ____ _______ ______ ____ _________ _____ ___ _________ _________.
________ ____ __________ ______ ______ ___ ______ _______.
____ _____ _____ _______ __________ ____ _________ _________ _________ ____ ______ ________.
____ ________ ____ _____ ___ ___ _____ ___ ________ ______ _________ ____.
___ ____ __________ __________ __________ ________ ____ ______ _____ ____ __________.
_______ ___ ______ __________ ________ ________ _________ _________ ______ ____.
_____ _________ _______ ___ ___ ____ _______ ___.
_____ _______ _______ ______ ___ __________ _____ ___.
_________ ___ _______ _________ ____.
____ ______ _______ _________ ________ _______ __________ _________ _______ ______ __________.
_______ _________ _____ _____ _______.
__________ ____ ____ __________ ___ ____ ______ ___ _____ ______.
_________ _____ ____ __________ _____ _____ _________ __________ _______.
_______ ________ _____ _____ _________ _________ ______ ______ ____ _________ _______.
____ _______ ______ ____ _____ ____ _____ ____ __________ _______.
____ ________ ________ ________ __________ _____.
_________ ___ ____ ____ _________ _____.
____ _____ _________ __________ _________ ___.
___ ____ __________ _____ _________.
__________ ______ __________ ___ __________.
_________ _______ ___ _____ _________ __________ _____ ___ _________ ________ _________ _________.
____ _________ _________ _____ _________ ________ ________ __________ ______ __________.
______ ___ _____ _________ _____ ____ _______ ___ __________ ________ ______ ____.
_______ ____ _______ _____ _________ _________.
________ _____ _______ __________ _________ ___.
________ _____ _______ ______ ________ __________ ________ ____ _________ ____ ____.
________ ____ ______ ______ __________.
____ _________ _________ ___ ____.
____ _____ ____ _______ ____ ________ _______ ____ ___ ________ ___ ____.
_________ _______ _______ _____ _________ ___ ____ ____ ____ ________.
__________ __________ ________ _______ ____ ______ ____.
________ ______ __________ ___ _______ ______ _________ _________ _______ ____ ___.
________ ___ _________ _______ ___ _____ __________.
_________ ____ ___ _____ ___ ____ _________.
___ ___ _______ _________ ______ ____ _____ ____ ________ _____ ____.
_____ ______ ______ _____ ____ ___ __________ __________ ____ ________ ______.
______ _______ _________ ________ _______ _________.
________ ______ ________ _______ ____ ___ ______ ____ ______ _________ __________.
_______ _________ __________ _________ ________ __________ _____ ______ ________ __________ _________.
_________ _________ ________ ____ _____ _____ _________.
_________ ____ _______ ___ ________ ____.
____ ______ ______ __________ ______.
__________ _____ ________ ______ _____ ________ _______ _____.
__________ _______ _____ __________ __________ ___ _________ ______ ______ ___ ___.
__________ ________ __________ ___ _______ _____.
__________ ________ _________ ____ ______ ________ __________.
________ ______ ________ ______ ________ ______.
______ _________ _________ ________ ______ __________ __________ _________ _____ _______ ____ _______.
_____ _______ ________ ________ __________ _______ ___ ____ ___.
_________ _____ _________ __________ ____ __________ _________ _________ _____ __________.
____ ______ _____ ____ __________ ___ _______ _____ _______.
____ ___ ____ _____ __________ __________ __________ __________ _________.
________ _________ ____ ________ _______ ______ _________.
_______ ____ ________ ___ _______ ________.
___ __________ ______ _______ _________ _____ _________ _________ ______.
________ __________ _____ _______ __________ _______ ______.
_____ ___ _________ ________ _________ _________ ___ _________ __________.
__________ _________ ________ ___ __________ _______ ______.
___ ________ _______ _______ _________ _________.
__________ ________ ______ __________ ____ ______ ________ _____ ___ ______ ______.
_________ __________ ________ _____ _____ __________ __________ ________ ______ ___ ________ _____.
_______ _______ ___ ____ _______ __________ _____ __________ __________ ________ ____.
________ ________ ___ _________ ______ _________ _________ _______ _______ ______.
_____ _____ ____ ______ ________ ___ _______ _____ ______.
___ _______ ____ ____ ______ __________ _______ _________ ______.
____ ___ _______ _____ ______ ___ ___ ___ ____ _____ ________.
_____ _________ ______ ________ __________ ___.
____ __________ __________ __________ _________ __________ ___ __________ _______ ____ __________ _______.
______ ________ ____ ___ ____ _________ ____ ________ ____ __________.
____ _____ ____ _______ _____ ____.
______ __________ _________ _______ _______ ____ __________ _________.
___ ___ _______ ___ __________ ______ _________ ___ __________.
_____ _____ _________ _____ _____ _______ ___ ________ ______ ______ _____ ________.
________ ____ ______ _________ ____ ___ __________ __________ ____.
__________ ___ ______ __________ __________ __________.
______ __________ _______ __________ _________ _____ _______ __________ _________.
_____ ____ _______ _______ ___.
_____ ________ __________ _________ ____ ____.
_________ _______ ________ _____ ______ _______ _________ _______ ________.
______ ____ ___ __________ ________ ________.
__________ _______ _____ ________ ________ ___ ______ ____ ________ _____ ________.
_____ _________ _____ __________ __________ _______ ______ ___ _____ ______ __________.
_________ __________ ___ __________ ________ ______ ____.
______ __________ __________ ________ _________ _________.
__________ ___ _______ ____ ____ ________ ________ ___ ________ _________ ______ _________.
________ ___ ___ __________ _______ _______ _______ ___ ________ _______ _________ _______.
___ ______ __________ ____ _______ ________ _________ ____.
_____ _______ ________ ____ _________ _______ _____ __________ _________ _______ ____.
_______ _____ __________ _________ _________ _________ ______.
_______ ________ ____ _________ _________ ______.
______ ______ __________ ___ ____ __________ ____ ___ _________ _____.
______ ___ _____ _____ ______ ______.
_______ _____ _________ ______ ____ _________ __________.
__________ ____ ______ ________ _________ _____ ________ ______ ____.
_____ __________ ________ ____ _____ ________ _________ _________ __________.
____ _________ ________ ________ ___ __________ _____.
_________ ___ _____ ________ ______ ________ _________.
___ ____ _______ _________ ____ ____ ___ ____ ___.
_________ _____ ___ ___ _____ _______ ___ _________ _______ _______ __________.
_____ _____ ______ ______ ___ ____ __________ _____.
__________ __________ _______ _____ ___ __________ _________.
_____ __________ ___ _______ _______.
________ _____ _________ _________ ___ _____ _____ __________ _________ ________.
_______ ________ ____ ___ ____ _________ __________ ________.
___ ____ _____ _______ __________ ____ ______ _____.
_________ ______ ___ ________ _______ ___ _____ _______ _________ _____.
____ ______ ________ ________ ___ __________.
____ _________ _________ _____ ____ _____ _______ ___ ________.
______ __________ _____ ________ _________.
________ _________ _________ ________ ______ ________ _____ _____.
______ ___ _______ ____ ______.
_________ _____ _________ ___ _________ ____.
______ ______ _________ ____ ___ __________ _________.
____ ______ _______ _________ __________ ___ ___ _____ _____ ______.
_______ _______ ___ ____ _______ __________.
___ ______ ___ __________ _________ __________ _________ ________ ________ ___ ____ ___.
________ ______ ____ ____ _____ ______ ____ ______ ________ __________ ______ ____.
______ _______ _________ _______ _____ ___ _________ _________.
_______ __________ _______ _________ ________ ______.
_______ _____ ________ _________ __________ _____ __________ _____ ____ _______.
________ ______ _________ ______ _______ ______ _____ _______ ______ ________.
_________ _________ _____ ________ _____ ______ ______ ________ ____ _______ _____ _____.
_________ ________ _________ __________ _________ _________.
__________ ________ ____ __________ _________ ________ ___ _________ ____.
____ _______ ______ __________ ___ ___ ___ _________ _______ ________ ____ _________.
________ __________ _______ ________ _______ ____ _________ ________ __________ _______ __________ ___.
_______ ______ _________ _______ __________ ________ __________.
_____ ___ _____ ________ __________ _________ __________ ______ __________ _______ ______ ____.
___ ____ ________ _________ ______ _____ ____ ____.
_____ ________ ______ _____ ______ ____ _______ _________ _______ ____ _______ ________.
__________ ________ ____ ______ _____ ___ ____ ____.
_________ _________ _______ ___ ______ _________ __________ ________ _________ ___ _____ _________.
__________ ________ ______ ______ ____ ______ ____ __________.
_____ _________ _______ ____ _______ ______ ____ _______ _______ _______ __________ ________.
__________ _________ ____ _________ _____.
_____ ____ ______ _______ _______.
__________ ______ ____ __________ _______ ___ ___ _________ _____ _____ _________ _____.
_________ ___ __________ ___ __________ ________ ______ _______ _______ _________ ________ _________.
____ _____ _____ ___ __________ ___ __________.
____ ______ ______ _______ ___ __________ _____ ___ _______ _____ ______ ________.
_______ ______ _________ ________ _____ ____.
____ _________ __________ _____ ____ ___ ______ _________ ____ __________ ____ _________.
________ ________ ___ _____ ___ ___ ______.
________ _______ ______ ________ _________ ________.
_________ ___ _______ ____ __________ ________ _________ ___.
_____ _____ ____ ________ ________ _______ _______ ____ _______ ______ _________.
________ _____ ________ ______ ________ _____ __________ _____ ________ ________.
_______ ____ ________ _________ _____ _____ _______ ___ ____ _______ ______.
_____ ___ ________ ____ _____ _____.
_________ ___ ________ _______ ___ _________ ____ __________ _________ _________ __________.
_________ ___ ____ _______ _______.
_____ _________ _____ ________ _____ ____ ______ ______ __________ _________.
______ _______ _____ ______ _____ _____ _____ ______ ________ ______.
_________ _____ ______ ____ ________ ______ ______ ______ ____ ________ ________ _________.
______ ____ __________ ___ ________.
________ ___ _______ ___ ____ ______ ___ ____ ________ _________ ___ ___.
__________ ______ ________ ________ ____ ________.
_______ ____ ___ ________ ____ _______ ______ _________.
_____ ________ _____ _____ ____ ____ _________ ___.
_____ _________ _____ ____ ________.
________ ___ _____ ______ __________ _________ _________ ____ ___ ______.
________ ________ _____ ___ ________ ____ _____ ________ _________ ____ __________ ______.
____ __________ ______ ______ ___ ___ ___ ___.
_____ ___ ______ __________ ____ ____ _________ _____ _________.
__________ ____ _________ _____ ___.
_____ _________ _______ ________ _____ ____ ____ _________ ___.
______ _____ _________ ___ _________ ___ ____ ______ __________.
______ ___ ____ ______ __________ _______ ________ __________ _______ _________ ______.
_____ __________ ______ ____ ________ ___.
__________ _________ _________ _____ ______.
_________ ___ _____ ________ _____ ______ _______.
____ _______ ____ ____ _______.
________ _____ ___ ________ _________ _____ ____ ___ ________ _____.
_________ ____ ________ _________ ________ __________ _________ ____.
_______ ______ ___ __________ __________.
_______ ______ _______ ___ _________ ________ __________ _____ __________ ____.
_______ ________ _________ ______ _________ __________ ________ __________.
______ ____ _____ ___ ____ __________.
________ _____ _____ __________ __________ _______ ___ ___ _____ _________ ___ ______.
_____ _____ ___ _________ ______ _____ _____ _________ __________ __________ _________.
_________ _______ __________ _______ _____ _________ __________ ___ _________ __________ ____.
_________ ____ ________ __________ _______ ________ _______ ______ ______ _____ _____ __________.
_____ __________ ______ ______ ____ ______ __________ __________ ___ _______.
__________ ___ __________ ______ ________ ____ ____ ______ ____.
__________ _________ ______ ____ _______ _______.
________ ______ _____ ________ _______ ___ ________ _________ __________ ______ ______ ____.
___ _____ __________ ______ _______ ___ __________ _____ ____.
_______ __________ ________ ___ ____ ______.
_________ _________ _________ ___ ______ ___ _______.
__________ _________ ________ _________ _______ ___ ________ ______ ________ _________ ______.
__________ ______ _______ _______ _________ _____ ________ ____ __________ _______.
_________ _____ _______ _____ ______ ____ ___ ________ _____ _______.
____ _______ _________ _______ _______ _______ ________ _________ ______ ______ ____ ____.
_____ ________ ________ ________ _________ ________ _____ ____.
_____ _____ _______ __________ ____ _________ ___ ____ _____ ________.
_____ _____ ____ ________ ___ ____ ___ _____ ________ ___ ______.
__________ ___ _____ ______ ___ ____ ______ _________ ___ _____ _______ __________.
__________ _________ ______ ___ ______.
__________ ________ _____ __________ _______ ____ _____ ____ _____.
______ _________ _____ __________ ______ __________ ____ __________ _________ ________ _________ ____.
_______ ___ ________ _____ __________ _________ __________ ____ _____ ____ _____ ______.
__________ __________ ______ ________ ____ _____ ___ ___ _____ ________ ___ ____.
_______ _____ __________ _________ ________ __________ _____ ______ ________ __________.
_______ ____.
Get Full Answer on WhatsApp