Analyse the factors that contributed to the downfall of the Taipings.

The capture of Nanking in 1853 in one sense showed the boundless ambition and potential of the Taiping Rebellion. But in another sense, this victory marked the limitation of the movement, because just after it was achieved, the Taiping leadership made the crucial decision not to push forward with all their force towards Peking. They decided to consolidate their hold at Nanking and the Yangtse River region, and to send only one part of their force to Peking. This decision virtually saved the Ch'ing dynasty. The weak Taiping northern expedition was routed by the spring of 1855, leaving intact the headquarters and rallying centre of the Ch'ing Government at ' Peking. Although it took another nine years for the Taipings to be completely crushed, the Yangtse River valley remained the northern most limit of the "Heavenly Kingdom", leaving the Ch'ing with a sizeable part of its empire intact.

1) Tseng Kuo-fan and the Ch'ing Efforts to Crush the Taipings

After the capture of Nanking, the Taipings concentrated their military efforts on securing the niajor towns and cities along the Yangtze River, from Wucha'ng in the West to Chinkiang in the East. Initially, the Ch'ing military response was entirely defensive. The Imperial troops set up two camps outside Nanking, one each on the north and south of the Yangtze River. But they could not prevent the Taiping troops from overrunning the nch prefectures on both the side^ nf the river. The demoralisea imperial troops with their antiquated organization were no match for the supremely motivated, crusading army of _________ ____ _________ ___ ________ _________ _______ _______ _______ _________ ____ _________.
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