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The adiabatic lapse rate is a fundamental concept in thermodynamics and atmospheric science, describing the rate at which the temperature of a parcel of air changes as it ascends or descends in a vertically stratified medium, such as the Earth's atmosphere, without exchanging heat with its surroundings.

The adiabatic lapse rate can be expressed mathematically using the ideal gas law and the first law of thermodynamics, which states that the change in internal energy of a system is equal to the heat added to the system minus the work done by the system:

\[ dU = \delta Q - \delta W \]

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