a) In normal reaction conditions, chlorobenzene does not react with NaOH, but 1- chloro-4-nitrobenzene reacts with NaOH in these conditions. Explain.
In normal reaction conditions, chlorobenzene does not react with NaOH, but 1-chloro-4-nitrobenzene does. This difference in reactivity can be explained by understanding the nature of the substituents attached to the benzene ring in each compound and their effect on the reactivity of the aromatic ring towards nucleophilic substitution reactions.
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a) Define and explain a thermodynamically reversible process.
b) 0.25 mol of an ideal monoatomic gas undergoes isothermal expansion from a volume of 2.0 dm3 to 10 dm3 at 27 oC. Calculate the maximum work that can be obtained from this process.
b) Define solubility product constant and derive the relationships between solubility and solubility product constants for salts of AB2, A2B types.
a) Explain why Nitro group is meta-directing deactivator?
a) In normal reaction conditions, chlorobenzene does not react with NaOH, but 1- chloro-4-nitrobenzene reacts with NaOH in these conditions. Explain.
a) In the following equilibrium, predict the direction of shift of equilibrium for each condition listed below:
i) Addition of
ii) increased pressure
iii) lowering of temperature.
b) Write the chemical equation and mechanism of pinacol-pinacolone rearrangement.
b) Taking suitable example write the mechanism of Mannich reaction.