Question

(a) In a hypothetical study, 10 patients with kidney disease were randomly assigned to receive two dialysis methods (A and B). 5 patients received Dialysis-A followed by Dialysis-B, and the remaining 5 received Dialysis-B followed by Dialysis-A. The kidney function scores of these patients are given as:

  Group-I (AB Sequence)        
Patient No. 1 2 3 4 5
Dialysis-A 69 73 50 69 76
Dialysis-B 68 79 68 72 85
  Group-II (BA Sequence)        
Patient No. 6 7 8 9 10
Dialysis-B 57 70 75 70 69
Dialysis-A 51 71 53 62 64

Test whether the mean score for dialysis-A is different from the mean score of dialysis-B, assuming no carry-over effect.

(b) Describe descriptive and analytic epidemiology.

19 Jan 2026
Answer :
Word Count : 277
Ten patients form a two-period crossover trial. For each patient the relevant observation, assuming no carry-over effect, is the within-subject difference between Dialysis-A and Dialysis-B. For Group-I (AB sequence), the differences A − B are: 1, −6, −18, −3 and −9. For Group-II (BA sequence), the ____ ____ _____ __________ _____ ____ _______ ______ ________ __________ ____.
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