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The launch of the Civil Disobedience Movement in 1930 marked a decisive phase in India’s struggle for independence, transforming nationalism from an elite-led political effort into a mass-based movement that penetrated villages, towns, and diverse social groups. Initiated with the historic Dandi March, Gandhi’s call to defy unjust colonial laws, especially the salt tax, evoked a wide range of responses across different regions of India. These responses were shaped by local economic conditions, social structures, political traditions, and leadership patterns, yet they collectively demonstrated the deepening roots of nationalism and the moral authority of Gandhi’s leadership. In western India, particularly in Gujarat and Maharashtra, the movement generated extraordinary enthusiasm. Gujarat, being Gandhi’s home region and the starting point of the Salt March, witnessed widespread participation. Villagers along the march route welcomed Gandhi and his followers, providing food, shelter, and moral support. The symbolic act of breaking the salt law inspired people across the province to manufacture salt illegally along coastal areas. Peasants refused to pay land revenue in several districts, while urban centers like Ahmedabad saw strikes by textile workers, closure of shops, and boycotts of foreign cloth. Women participated in large numbers, picketing liquor shops and spinning khadi, reflecting the social broadening of the movement. Maharashtra experienced similar mobilization, with students boycotting schools and colleges and lawyers giving up practice. Leaders such as Vallabhbhai ____ ________ ___ __________ ___ __________ ______ ___.
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