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The constructive programme was Mahatma Gandhi’s positive, creative vision for transforming Indian society from within while simultaneously laying the moral and social foundations for political freedom. For Gandhi, political independence without social regeneration would be hollow and unstable. He believed that Swaraj was not merely the transfer of power from British rulers to Indian elites, but the empowerment of the poorest and weakest individuals through self-reliance, moral discipline, and social reform. The constructive programme thus represented the ethical and practical dimension of Gandhian nationalism, focusing on everyday work that could be undertaken by ordinary people irrespective of the intensity of mass movements. At the heart of the constructive programme was communal harmony. Gandhi regarded Hindu–Muslim unity as essential for India’s survival as a nation. He consistently argued that religious diversity was not a weakness but a moral strength, provided it was grounded in mutual respect. Communal violence, in his view, negated Swaraj because it destroyed trust, compassion, and shared responsibility. Therefore, he urged constructive workers to actively promote dialogue, friendship, and cooperation across religious lines, even at great personal risk. The removal of untouchability occupied a central place in the programme. Gandhi considered untouchability a moral blot on Hindu society and a fundamental denial of human dignity. He renamed untouchables ___ ___ __________ _________ ______ ________ _________ _________ ________.
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