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Mobilization refers to the collective process by which individuals, communities, or groups come together to pursue common goals, often involving socio-political change, rights assertion, or access to resources and opportunities. It involves organizing, building solidarity, and creating strategies to challenge structural inequalities and to transform prevailing conditions of marginalization. Resistance, on the other hand, signifies the act of opposing, challenging, or pushing back against oppressive systems, patriarchal norms, exploitative structures, or discriminatory practices. While mobilization represents the active organization toward achieving change, resistance can manifest both collectively and individually, explicitly or subtly, as a refusal to accept domination or as an assertion of agency. In the context of women in the economy, mobilization and resistance become crucial tools through which women navigate structural barriers, fight against patriarchal exploitation, assert their economic rights, and challenge systems that have historically excluded them from meaningful participation in economic and political spaces. Women’s mobilization and resistance often emerge in response to economic inequalities, workplace discrimination, lack of land rights, unequal pay, and exclusion from decision-making. Their experiences illustrate how gendered struggles intersect with class, caste, ethnicity, and regional hierarchies. Case studies from across the globe reveal that women not only engage in organized struggles through unions, self-help groups, and movements but also resist through everyday acts of defiance, asserting their identities and rights even in constrained environments. These struggles demonstrate the multifaceted nature of mobilization and resistance in women’s economic lives. One important case study in the Indian context is the Self-Employed Women’s Association (SEWA), founded in 1972 in Ahmedabad. SEWA emerged as a trade union for women workers in the informal sector, such as vegetable vendors, home-based producers, agricultural laborers, and artisans. These women were excluded from mainstream labor unions and deprived of legal recognition. Mobilization in this case involved the organization of fragmented and marginalized workers under one platform to demand better wages, access ___ ____ ____ __________ _____ _________ ___ _________.
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