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Autonomous learning is a learner-centered approach in which students take responsibility for their own learning process, making decisions about what, how, and when they learn, rather than depending completely on the teacher. In the context of teaching English at the secondary school level, this concept has gained significant importance because it empowers learners to develop not only language proficiency but also the essential skills of self-direction, problem-solving, and critical thinking. The shift from traditional teacher-centered instruction to autonomous learning aligns with modern educational goals, where students are expected to become independent learners who can adapt to different communication contexts and lifelong learning situations. For English language learning, autonomy allows students to explore authentic texts, use digital platforms, practice speaking and writing in real contexts, and monitor their progress actively. The procedure of promoting autonomous learning in secondary school English classrooms involves several stages. At the initial stage, learners need awareness about what autonomous learning means and why it is necessary. Many students at this level are used to depending on teachers for guidance and evaluation. Therefore, the teacher first introduces strategies that help them reflect on their own learning styles, strengths, and weaknesses. For instance, learners can be encouraged to keep journals or logs in which they record what vocabulary they learned in a week, what reading texts they enjoyed, or what listening exercises challenged them. The next stage in the procedure is goal setting. In autonomous learning, students are encouraged to set short-term and long-term goals for themselves. In the English classroom, a student might aim to improve their reading comprehension over a term or increase fluency in spoken English by the end of the semester. Teachers can guide learners to set goals that are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART). Once goals are established, learners can select learning strategies _____ ____ ______ ________ __________ _________ ________ ______ ____ ______ _________ _____.
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