Question

 

What is 'Alternative Dispute Resolution' (ADR)? Discuss arbitration and mediation as methods of alternative dispute resolution.

02 Jul 2026
Answer :
Word Count : 1498
Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) refers to a group of methods used to resolve disputes outside the traditional court system. It provides parties with alternative mechanisms for settling conflicts in a faster, less formal, less expensive, and often more cooperative manner than litigation. ADR has gained significant importance in modern legal systems because courts frequently face delays, procedural complexities, and heavy caseloads. By encouraging negotiated settlements and private resolution of disputes, ADR contributes to efficient administration of justice while preserving relationships between the parties. It is widely used in commercial, civil, family, labour, consumer, and international disputes. The concept of ADR is based on the principle that not every dispute requires adjudication by a court. Parties should have the opportunity to resolve their differences through dialogue, negotiation, or neutral third-party assistance. ADR emphasizes flexibility, party autonomy, confidentiality, and mutual satisfaction. Instead of focusing solely on legal rights and liabilities, ADR often considers the underlying interests and needs of the parties. In India, ADR has received statutory recognition through the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996, which incorporates principles based on the UNCITRAL Model Law. Section 89 of the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, also empowers courts to refer disputes to ADR methods such as arbitration, conciliation, mediation, and Lok Adalats whenever settlement appears possible. The Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987, further promotes dispute resolution through Lok Adalats. The judiciary has consistently encouraged ADR to reduce the burden on courts and promote access to justice. The major objectives of ADR include reducing _________ __________ ________ ________ _______ _________ ________ ________ ______ ______ ___.
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