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Separate electorates were a political system introduced by the British colonial administration in India, where different religious or social communities were provided distinct representation in legislative bodies. Under this system, members of a particular community, such as Muslims, Sikhs, or later, other minority groups, could vote only for candidates belonging to their own community rather than participating in a common electorate with other communities. The system was primarily designed to ensure that minority communities had guaranteed political representation, but it also had deep social and political implications. The concept of separate electorates in India was first formally introduced with the Indian Councils Act of 1909, commonly known as the Morley-Minto Reforms. These reforms were framed against the backdrop of rising nationalist movements and growing demands for political participation by Indians. The British government sought to placate the Muslim community, which they viewed as ___ ____ ________ _________ ________.
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