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PESA stands for the Panchayats (Extension to Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996, a landmark legislation in India aimed at extending the provisions of the 73rd Constitutional Amendment to the tribal and scheduled areas of the country. Recognizing the unique socio-cultural, economic, and political conditions of these areas, PESA was enacted to empower Gram Sabhas and Panchayats in Scheduled Areas to have control over their resources, administration, and local governance. The act acknowledges the need for self-governance among tribal communities while respecting their traditional practices and customary laws, thereby fostering participatory democracy at the grassroots level. The essence of PESA is rooted in the principle that the people living in scheduled areas should have a decisive voice in matters that affect their lives and livelihoods. Scheduled Areas, as defined in the Fifth Schedule of the Constitution, often face developmental neglect, exploitation of resources, and marginalization. Therefore, PESA seeks to empower communities to manage local resources, resolve disputes, and influence developmental priorities through an institutional framework that bridges constitutional governance and traditional self-governance. A Gram Sabha, as per the PESA Act, is a body comprising all adult members registered in the electoral roll of the village. It is considered the basic unit of local self-governance and the custodian of the community’s rights. Unlike the _________ _______ ____ __________ ____ ________ _____ __________.
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