Question

 

What are the different indices to calculate energy efficiency in ecosystems? How is ecosystem self-regulated? 

12 Feb 2026
Answer :
Word Count : 480
Energy efficiency in ecosystems is a measure of how effectively energy is transferred from one trophic level to another and how energy is utilized within the ecosystem. Several indices are commonly used to quantify this efficiency and to understand the flow of energy through ecological systems. One important index is Gross Primary Productivity (GPP), which represents the total amount of energy captured by producers, mainly through photosynthesis, over a specific period. GPP gives an idea of the energy entering the ____ ______ ______ _____ ________ ____.
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