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Urban livelihood concerns have become central to the discourse on sustainable development and smart cities, particularly as rapid urbanization continues to reshape economic and social structures. Cities, as engines of growth and innovation, offer numerous opportunities but also expose individuals to vulnerabilities stemming from unemployment, informal labor, inadequate housing, and environmental degradation. Addressing these concerns within the context of sustainable development and smart city initiatives demands a multidimensional approach that ensures inclusivity, resilience, and equity while leveraging technology and innovation to improve quality of life. Urban livelihood concerns arise from complex interactions among economic, social, environmental, and institutional factors. One of the foremost concerns is the rise of informal employment. In many developing countries, a substantial proportion of urban workers are employed in the informal sector without job security, fair wages, or social protection. Street vendors, construction laborers, domestic workers, and small-scale entrepreneurs often face uncertain incomes, poor working conditions, and lack of access to credit or training. The informal nature of their work not only limits their upward mobility but also excludes them from urban planning and decision-making processes, perpetuating inequality. Moreover, the growth of informal settlements, or slums, reflects the mismatch between the supply of affordable housing and the demand generated by rapid urban migration. Poor living conditions, inadequate _______ __________ _____ ___ _______ ____ _____ _________ __________ _________ _______ ____.
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