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In the context of India’s transition to a liberalised economy post-1991, the role of the state has undergone a significant transformation. Earlier, the Indian state played a dominant role in economic planning, regulation, and ownership of key industries under the model of a mixed economy. However, liberalisation marked a strategic shift towards a market-oriented economy, redefining the functions and responsibilities of the state. The primary shift has been from a "controller" to a "facilitator". In the pre-liberalisation era, the state controlled prices, production, and investment through licenses, quotas, and permits. After liberalisation, it withdrew from direct control and instead began creating an enabling environment for private enterprise. This includes reducing bureaucratic hurdles, reforming taxation, simplifying labour laws, and promoting ease of doing business. The state has __________ _______ ___ _________ _____ ______ __________ ____ _____.
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