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Land reforms in South Asia have historically been a crucial aspect of attempts to address agrarian inequalities, stimulate economic growth, and promote social justice. In countries like India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal, land ownership has traditionally been concentrated in the hands of a few elite families, landlords, or feudal lords, while a majority of the rural population comprised landless peasants or smallholders with insufficient land for subsistence. This unequal distribution of land created structural poverty, limited agricultural productivity, and reinforced social hierarchies based on class, caste, and ethnicity. Consequently, land reforms became central to both post-colonial economic planning and political mobilization in the region. In India, land reform measures after independence in 1947 aimed to abolish the zamindari system, impose ceilings on land holdings, and redistribute surplus land ________ ___ __________ _________ ____ _______.
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